The social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905 were underdeveloped compared to the present time. The following are the key points describing the conditions in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century:

Social Conditions:

• About 85% of the Russian population was engaged in agriculture.
• The land was periodically pooled by the Russians, and as per the needs of the individual families, the commune divided it.
• Large properties were owned by the Orthodox Church, the crown, and nobility.
• Peasants were deeply religious, and position and power were earned by nobles not through their local popularity but through their services and to the Tsar.

Economic Conditions:

• Cultivators cultivated crops for their own needs, and Russia was also a significant exporter of grains.
• Moscow and St. Petersburg were the prominent industrial centers.
• Workers were divided based on class, and many were religiously influenced.
• Financially, the situation was bad. Wages fell by 20%, and prices of essential goods were very high, which led to the St. Petersburg strike.
• The state treasury was bankrupt due to heavy expenditure.

Political Conditions:

• Formation of political parties was not allowed before 1914.
• The Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marxs ideas.
• Political parties were illegal before 1914, and socialists were active within the countryside.
• The belief of Tsar Nicholas II was that he was the absolute ruler of Russia.

Overall, the social, economic, and political conditions in Russia before 1905 were a big mess, with workers divided based on class, and the state treasury bankrupt due to heavy expenditure.