Autism was first described as a distinct medical condition by psychiatrist Leo Kanner in 1943. He is credited with the first clinical diagnosis of autism, which he called "early infantile autism." However, the term "autism" itself was first used earlier in 1911 by Eugen Bleuler, but only to describe a symptom of schizophrenia, not as a separate diagnosis. Autism became an official diagnosis in medical and psychiatric manuals later. It was included as a distinct developmental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1980 (DSM-III). Before that, autism was often misdiagnosed or grouped under childhood schizophrenia. Thus, autism as a diagnosis emerged clearly in the mid-20th century with Kanner's work in 1943, but formal recognition as a separate diagnosis came in 1980 with the DSM-III.