Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world, with origins traced back to the Indus Valley civilization, which existed around 4500 to 5000 BCE. The earliest sacred texts of Hinduism, the Vedas, date back to at least 3000 BCE, with some estimates placing them even earlier, between 8000 to 6000 BCE. Hinduism developed over millennia without a single founder, evolving as a synthesis of various Indian cultures, traditions, and religious practices, including the Vedic religion and indigenous beliefs. The religion as more recognizable today began to take shape around 500 BCE to 300 CE during a period of social and religious synthesis that incorporated different beliefs and practices, leading into what is considered classical Hinduism.

Origins in Ancient Civilization

Hinduism's roots are commonly linked to the ancient Indus Valley civilization in the Indian subcontinent, which peaked around 2300 to 2000 BCE. Archaeological evidence from this era shows early signs of religious life that would influence later Hindu thought. The term "Hindu" itself originates from the Sanskrit word "Sindhu," the name of the Indus River, with "Hindu" initially referring to people living around that river region.

Development of Scriptures and Beliefs

The earliest known Hindu scriptures, the Vedas, were composed around 3000 BCE or earlier, forming the basis of early Hindu religious thought. Over time, Hinduism incorporated various traditions, including ritual, philosophy, and devotional practices. This process culminated in a synthesis between 500 BCE and 300 CE, which helped form many of the philosophies, deities, and practices recognized in Hinduism today.

Summary

• Hinduism's historical beginning is linked to the Indus Valley civilization around 4500-5000 BCE.
• The earliest texts, the Vedas, date back to at least 3000 BCE, possibly earlier.
• Hinduism evolved over time through synthesis of Vedic religion, indigenous cultures, and later influences.
• Classical Hinduism as known today took shape around 500 BCE to 300 CE.