Back spasms are usually caused by muscle strain, overuse, or mechanical issues like herniated discs or spinal stenosis. One should be concerned and seek medical attention if the spasms are severe, persistent beyond a week or two, accompanied by symptoms such as numbness, weakness in the legs, loss of bladder or bowel control, sudden difficulty walking, fever, unexplained weight loss, or if the spasms follow significant trauma. Difficulty urinating, inability to sit or stand without pain, or if the spasms do not improve with rest also warrant seeing a healthcare provider promptly.

When to Seek Medical Help

• Spasms lasting longer than 1-2 weeks without improvement
• Severe or sudden symptoms such as loss of bladder/bowel control, weakness, numbness, or difficulty walking
• Persistent pain not relieved by rest or worsening over time
• After trauma or injury
• Symptoms like fever, weight loss, or back shape changes

Most back spasms improve within a few days with rest, hydration, and conservative care, but the above signs indicate it may be a sign of a more serious condition requiring professional evaluation.