The Victorian era is typically defined as the period of Queen Victoria’s reign in the United Kingdom, from 20 June 1837 to 22 January 1901. Some broader usages extend the era to include surrounding years of social and cultural development, roughly from the 1830s to the early 1910s, but the core, widely accepted span is 1837–1901. This era is marked by rapid industrial change, urbanization, and far-reaching imperial expansion, as well as distinctive cultural shifts in literature, art, and social norms.