The Paris Catacombs were constructed in the late 18th century, with the municipal ossuary officially established in 1786 and transfers of human remains beginning shortly before that, around 1785. The Catacombs opened to the public in 1809.

Historical Context

• Preparation for the Catacombs began after several catastrophic collapses and severe public health issues due to overflowing cemeteries in Paris, notably in 1774 and the early 1780s.

• The Tombe-Issoire quarries, abandoned mines beneath Paris, were chosen as the site for relocating remains from the city's overburdened cemeteries.

• The official consecration of the site as the Paris Municipal Ossuary took place on April 7, 1786.

Construction and Expansion

• The initial transfers of bones began between 1785 and 1787, focusing on the largest cemetery, Saints-Innocents, with more remains moved in subsequent decades as the city grew and modernized.

• The catacombs' galleries were created out of the labyrinthine underground quarries dating back as early as the 15th and even 13th centuries.

• The arrangement and decoration of the remains continued into the 19th century, with significant renovations and visitor access established by 1809.

Timeline Summary

• 1774: Collapse of mine walls and urgent need for burial reform.

• 1777: Creation of the Department of General Quarry Inspection.

• 1785-1787: Initial transfers of bones to the quarries.

• April 7, 1786: The quarries officially consecrated as the Paris Municipal Ossuary (Catacombs).

• 1809: Catacombs opened to public visitation.

The Paris Catacombs remain a unique monument to the city's history and its evolving public health needs.