Cockroaches come from a variety of environments, both outdoors and indoors. They are ancient insects originally believed to have evolved in tropical regions but have adapted to a wide range of climates worldwide except Antarctica

. In urban and residential settings, cockroaches often originate from:

• Outdoors in places like sewers, storm drains, gutters, parks, subway tunnels, and cluttered city streets, especially where there is moisture and food availability. American and Oriental cockroaches are commonly found in these damp outdoor environments

• Neighboring homes or apartments where infestations exist, allowing cockroaches to migrate through walls or shared plumbing

• Indoors, they thrive in warm, humid, and dark areas such as kitchens, bathrooms, basements, laundry rooms, and behind appliances where food and water are accessible

• Entry points into homes include cracks and crevices in walls and floors, plumbing lines, vents, open doors or windows without screens, and even hitchhiking on items like grocery bags, packages, suitcases, or secondhand furniture

Cockroaches are highly adaptable and resourceful, capable of surviving in diverse habitats by seeking out food, moisture, and shelter. Their presence indoors often results from these multiple entry routes and suitable living conditions within human dwellings