Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) live across a vast range covering nearly the entire Northern Hemisphere. Their distribution includes most of North America, Europe, Asia (excluding extreme Southeast Asia), parts of North Africa north of the Sahara Desert, and they have also been introduced to Australia

. They inhabit a wide variety of environments including:

• Forest edges and dense woodlands
• Grasslands and moorlands
• Mountains, up to about 3000 meters elevation
• Coastal dunes and marshes
• Mixed landscapes with scrub, farmland, and plantations
• Urban, suburban, and rural areas, where they adapt well to human presence

Red foxes are highly adaptable and thrive in diverse habitats from Arctic tundra to arid deserts. They often live near water sources and dig burrows for raising their young, usually near natural cover like brush or trees. In urban settings, they are found in cities around the world, including major cities in Europe, North America, Australia, and Japan, often living in suburbs with gardens or parks

. Their range extends as far north as the Arctic Circle and they are absent only in extreme deserts, some Arctic islands, and certain parts of the southwestern United States and Mexico

. In summary, red foxes live in almost every type of terrestrial habitat across much of the Northern Hemisphere, showing remarkable ecological flexibility and often thriving close to human settlements.