Seagulls traditionally nest in natural coastal environments such as cliffs, sand dunes, beaches, and inaccessible islands. These sites provide safety and good vantage points to spot predators

. However, seagulls are highly adaptable and increasingly nest in urban areas when natural sites are unavailable. In cities, they often choose flat, gravel- covered roofs of large buildings, warehouses, or houses. They prefer to build nests near pipes, HVAC units, solar panels, or other low structures on roofs that offer shelter and protection. These urban nests are usually tucked against ledges or corners for stability and visibility

. Seagulls tend to reuse the same nesting sites year after year, whether natural or urban. Nesting season generally runs from April or early May through mid-July, during which they lay 2 to 4 eggs that hatch in about three weeks

. In summary, seagulls nest:

• On coastal cliffs, sand dunes, beaches, and islands (traditional sites)
• On flat, gravel-covered roofs and ledges in urban environments when cliffs are not available
• Near protective structures on roofs such as pipes and HVAC units

This flexibility helps seagulls thrive in both natural and human-dominated landscapes