Truffles grow in temperate regions, primarily in Mediterranean Europe, western North America, and Australia. They grow underground in a symbiotic relationship with the roots of certain trees, especially oak, hazelnut (filbert), lime, poplar, and sometimes fir or pine trees

. The ideal conditions for truffle growth include:

• Calcareous (chalky) soil rich in calcium, with a pH between about 7.8 and 8.3

• Well-drained soil on plateaus or gentle slopes, typically at altitudes between 100 and 1000 meters

• A temperate climate with four distinct seasons, including a mild winter without intense cold, a not-too-dry spring without late frost, a hot summer with limited dry periods, and a mild autumn without early frost

• Regions with some snow cover in winter can help insulate the truffles underground

In Europe, truffles are mainly found in France, Italy, Spain, and some other Mediterranean countries

. In the United States, truffle cultivation is developing in states like North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and California

. Australia and New Zealand have also become notable truffle-growing regions

. Thus, truffles grow best in temperate zones with suitable host trees, calcareous soil, and specific climatic conditions that support their underground fungal growth