The Vatican Church, specifically St. Peter's Basilica, is located within Vatican City, an independent microstate entirely surrounded by the city of Rome, Italy. Vatican City lies on the west bank of the Tiber River in the northwest area of Rome

. St. Peter's Basilica, the most prominent church in the Vatican, is situated at Piazza San Pietro in Vatican City. It is a Renaissance-style church built over the tomb of Saint Peter the Apostle and is considered one of the holiest Catholic shrines and the largest church in the world by interior measure

. In summary:

• The Vatican Church (St. Peter's Basilica) is in Vatican City.
• Vatican City is a sovereign city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy.
• The exact coordinates of St. Peter's Basilica are approximately 41°54′08″N 12°27′12″E

Thus, the Vatican Church is in the heart of Vatican City, which itself is located inside Rome, Italy.