The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors (non- living elements like temperature, water, soil, light) or biotic factors (living components like predators, competition, symbiosis) is called its "tolerance" or "range of tolerance." This tolerance defines the limits of environmental conditions under which the organism can survive, grow, and reproduce. Organisms have an optimum range within their tolerance range where they perform best, and outside this range, their survival and reproduction are stressed or limited. Abiotic factors include temperature, light availability, water, soil type, salinity, pH, nutrient levels, and other physical-chemical environmental components. Biotic factors include all living organisms in the environment which interact, such as competitors, predators, and symbiotic partners. The organism's ability to tolerate these abiotic and biotic factors determines its ecological niche and survival capacity in the environment.