The condition that involves compression of nerves and blood vessels is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). Thoracic Outlet Syndrome occurs when there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the space between the lower neck and the armpit (thoracic outlet). This compression can affect nerves (most commonly the brachial plexus), veins, or arteries, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, swelling, discoloration, or coldness in the arm or hand. TOS can result from trauma, repetitive movements, anatomical variations, or other causes and often requires physical therapy, pain management, or sometimes surgery for treatment.

Another relevant condition involving compression of nerves and blood vessels is Acute Compartment Syndrome. This happens when increased pressure within a muscle compartment compresses muscles, nerves, and blood vessels inside it, potentially causing permanent damage if untreated. It commonly affects limbs and is often caused by trauma, fractures, or tight casts.

Among the options, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome specifically and primarily involves simultaneous compression of both nerves and blood vessels. Therefore, the answer is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.