The parts that are part of the central nervous system (CNS) include the brain and the spinal cord. The brain itself contains several important regions such as the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem (which includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata), and subcortical structures. The spinal cord extends from the brainstem downward through the vertebral canal. These components collectively make up the CNS, which is responsible for processing and integrating information and coordinating responses in the body.