White spots on nails, also known as leukonychia, can be caused by various factors such as injury, fungal infection, mineral deficiency, or heavy metal poisoning. Here are some details about the causes, treatments, and tips for white spots on nails:

Causes:

• Trauma: White spots on nails can be caused by trauma to the nail bed, such as hitting your finger with a hammer or closing it in a door.

• Fungal infection: A common nail fungus called white superficial onychomycosis can appear on the toenails and cause white spots on the nails.

• Mineral deficiency: Deficiencies in certain minerals or vitamins, such as zinc or calcium, can cause white spots on nails.

• Heavy metal poisoning: Heavy metal poisoning from arsenic and lead can cause white spots on nails, which typically appear as horizontal bands along the entire width of the nail.

• Keratin granulations: These are small, white, rough patches that can appear on the nails due to excessive use of nail polish or nail polish remover.

Treatments:

• Buffing the nails: Gently buffing the nails can help remove the white spots caused by keratin granulations.

• Applying lemon juice: Applying lemon juice to the nails can help remove the white spots caused by mineral deficiency.

• Taking biotin supplements: Taking biotin supplements can help improve overall nail health and reduce the appearance of white spots.

• Discontinuing use of nail products: If the white spots on your nails have appeared after using a certain nail product, you may want to discontinue using it.

• Medical treatment: If the white spots on your nails are caused by a fungal infection, heavy metal poisoning, or other underlying medical conditions, you may need medical treatment.

Tips:

• Opt for nail polishes free of potentially harmful ingredients to avoid keratin granulations.

• Maintain a healthy diet rich in minerals and vitamins to prevent mineral deficiencies that can cause white spots on nails.

• Avoid exposing your nails to harsh chemicals or excessive moisture.

In conclusion, white spots on nails can be caused by various factors, and the treatment and prevention methods depend on the underlying cause. If you are unsure about the cause of your white spots or if they persist, it is best to consult a doctor or dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment.