If a motorcycle is used in the commission of a crime, several parties can be held responsible under the law, particularly in the Philippines under the Motorcycle Crime Prevention Act (RA 11235):

• Owner : The motorcycle owner is responsible for reporting if their motorcycle is stolen. If the motorcycle is used in a crime without the owner's knowledge and the owner fails to report it as stolen, they can be held liable. The owner may also face penalties if found negligent in preventing the misuse of their vehicle.
• Driver : The person driving the motorcycle during the commission of the crime is directly responsible and subject to penalties based on the severity of the crime.
• Backrider/Passenger : Any passenger or backrider who knowingly participates in the crime is also held accountable and faces penalties similar to the driver.

Penalties vary depending on the seriousness of the crime, ranging from imprisonment of several months for less serious offenses to life imprisonment for crimes resulting in death or serious injuries. If the motorcycle was intentionally used in the crime, penalties can range from 12 years and 1 day up to 20 years of imprisonment

. Additionally, motorcycles used in crimes are impounded by the police and held as evidence until the case is resolved. After the case, the motorcycle may be forfeited to the government unless the court finds the defendant not guilty or the motorcycle belongs to an innocent third party

. In summary, the owner, driver, backrider, and any participating passenger can all be held responsible if a motorcycle is used in the commission of a crime, with penalties reflecting their involvement and the crime's severity.