The key figure who conspired in Italy to bring about a revolution was Giuseppe Mazzini. He was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist who founded the secret revolutionary society Young Italy in 1832. This society aimed to promote Italian unification through popular uprising and insurrection, with the goal of creating a single, free, independent, republican nation. Mazzini believed that only a popular initiative could free Italy from foreign rule and unite its various states into one republic. His movement attracted thousands of adherents and attempted several insurrections, although these early uprisings were largely unsuccessful and met with harsh repression. Despite setbacks, Mazzini continued to organize revolutionary activities and was a central figure in the Italian Risorgimento, the movement for Italian unification

. In addition to Mazzini, other conspirators and revolutionaries were involved in various plots and uprisings in Italy, such as the Bandiera brothers and other Italian exiles, but Mazzini is the most prominent and recognized leader of the revolutionary conspiracies in Italy during that period