Pilates was created by Joseph Hubertus Pilates, a German-born physical trainer, writer, and inventor. He developed the Pilates method of physical fitness in the early 20th century, drawing on his background in gymnastics, bodybuilding, martial arts, and various Eastern and Western exercise philosophies

. Joseph Pilates began formulating his system while interned during World War I on the Isle of Man, where he worked with fellow internees and devised apparatuses such as the Pilates Reformer using springs attached to hospital beds to aid rehabilitation

. After the war, he continued refining his method, which he called "Contrology," emphasizing mental and physical health as interconnected and focusing on core strength, body alignment, and controlled movement

. He and his wife Clara opened the first Pilates studio in New York City in 1926, where the method gained popularity especially among dancers and athletes

. Joseph Pilates also patented numerous pieces of equipment integral to his method, including the Reformer, Cadillac, and Wunda Chair

. In summary, Joseph Pilates is the creator of the Pilates fitness system, which he developed through a combination of his athletic background, wartime experiences, and extensive study of physical culture