The national flag of India was primarily designed by Pingali Venkayya, an Indian freedom fighter from Andhra Pradesh. He presented the initial design to Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, which consisted of red and green stripes representing Hindus and Muslims, respectively. On Gandhi's suggestion, a white stripe was added to represent other communities in India. This design formed the basis of the Indian national flag, popularly known as the Tiranga (tricolour), which was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 22, 1947, just before independence

. The final flag features three horizontal stripes of saffron, white, and green, with a navy blue Ashoka Chakra (24-spoke wheel) at the center. The Ashoka Chakra replaced the earlier charkha (spinning wheel) in 1947, a modification attributed to Surayya Tyabji and her husband Badruddin Tyabji, who redesigned the flag to replace the charkha with the Ashoka Chakra to avoid association with any political party

. In summary:

• Pingali Venkayya designed the original flag concept and presented it to Gandhi in 1921.
• The flag evolved over time, with Gandhi's input adding the white stripe.
• The Constituent Assembly adopted the final tricolour with the Ashoka Chakra on July 22, 1947.
• Surayya Tyabji played a key role in the final design modification by replacing the charkha with the Ashoka Chakra