The national flag of India was designed by Pingali Venkayya, a freedom fighter from Andhra Pradesh. He created the initial version of the flag, which was inspired by his experiences as a British soldier and his dedication to India's independence. Venkayya presented his design to Mahatma Gandhi in 1921, which originally consisted of red and green stripes representing Hindus and Muslims, respectively. Gandhi suggested adding a white stripe to represent other communities, resulting in the tricolor design that later evolved into the current flag

. The final form of the Indian national flag, featuring saffron, white, and green horizontal stripes with the Ashoka Chakra (a 24-spoke navy blue wheel) at the center, was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 22, 1947. This design was based on Venkayya's Swaraj flag, with modifications including replacing the charkha (spinning wheel) with the Ashoka Chakra by Badruddin Tyabji in 1947

. Thus, Pingali Venkayya is credited as the principal designer of the Indian national flag, with the design being refined and officially adopted shortly before India’s independence