Bacteria were first discovered by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist and microscopist, in the 17th century. He observed and described bacteria as "animalcules" using self-made microscopes with powerful lenses in 1676 and reported his findings to the Royal Society in 1683.

Key Facts

• Leeuwenhoek is widely regarded as the "father of microbiology" for his pioneering observations of microorganisms, including bacteria.

• His discoveries laid the foundation for microbiology by proving that microscopic life forms existed in water, dental plaque, and other sources previously thought to be lifeless.

• Despite lacking formal scientific training or university education, Leeuwenhoek's curiosity and technical skill in lens-making enabled advancements beyond what his contemporaries could achieve.

Historical Context

• In a famous letter to the Royal Society dated September 17, 1683, Leeuwenhoek gave the first detailed account of bacteria observed in dental plaque.

• His single-lensed microscopes sometimes reached magnifications up to 500x, allowing him unprecedented access to the microworld.

• Although later scientists initially doubted his discoveries due to their own less capable microscopes, twentieth-century research confirmed the accuracy of Leeuwenhoek's work.

In summary, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe, describe, and document bacteria, changing our understanding of the living world forever.