Nicodemus is a figure in the New Testament who appears in the Gospel of John. He is described as a Pharisee, a member of the Jewish ruling council (the Sanhedrin), and a respected teacher in Israel. His interactions with Jesus are recorded in three key passages in John, which shape the common understanding of him:

• First meeting (John 3:1-21): Nicodemus visits Jesus at night and acknowledges Jesus as a teacher come from God. Jesus tells him about the necessity of being “born again” (born of water and the Spirit). This exchange emphasizes spiritual rebirth and trust in Jesus as the source of eternal life.
• Second appearance (John 7:45-52): Nicodemus defends Jesus indirectly by urging a fair hearing, reminding the Sanhedrin that their legal procedures require evidence before condemning someone. This shows a growing willingness to stand with Jesus, even within the hostile council.
• Third appearance (John 19:38-42): Nicodemus, together with Joseph of Arimathea, helps with Jesus’ burial, bringing a significant amount of myrrh and aloes and assisting in preparing the body for burial. This action marks a clear public step of support and devotion.

Taken together, Nicodemus is often portrayed as a cautious seeker who moves from initial curiosity and secrecy to a more open witness and eventual support for Jesus. The name Nicodemus itself is often interpreted from Greek roots as something like “victory of the people” or “conqueror of the people,” though name interpretations vary. This evolution—from nighttime questioning to assisting in burial—illustrates a trajectory of faith and allegiance within the Gospel of John.