Tsar Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, reigning from November 1, 1894, until his abdication on March 15, 1917. He was born on May 18, 1868, at the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire, and died on July 17, 1918, in Yekaterinburg. Nicholas II was the final monarch of the Romanov dynasty, which had ruled Russia for over 300 years. He was married to Alix of Hesse (later Alexandra Feodorovna) and had five children: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and the tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. His reign saw significant events such as the Russo-Japanese War, Bloody Sunday, the 1905 Revolution, and World War I, as well as challenges like political unrest and the rise of revolutionary movements. He abdicated during the Russian Revolution and was executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918, effectively ending the Russian monarchy and Romanov rule.