The rebuilding of Gaza is estimated to require tens of billions of dollars, with the latest assessments placing the cost at around $53 billion to $70 billion or more. This massive financial burden is beyond the capacity of Palestinians alone, so funding will mainly come from the international community, including the United States, Arab states (such as Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar), European countries, international organizations like the United Nations and World Bank, and private sector investments. However, the disbursement and management of these funds remain politically sensitive and complex. Key points on who will pay to rebuild Gaza:

• The United Nations, European Union, and World Bank estimate about $53 billion needed over the next decade, primarily for infrastructure and housing reconstruction.

• The United States, Arab states, and European countries have shown willingness to contribute financially, but exact pledges and mechanisms remain under negotiation.

• Gulf States (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar) may share rebuilding responsibility, but their involvement depends on political conditions, economic calculations, and ensuring stability.

• The Palestinian Authority expects a role in reconstruction but faces challenges due to complex political plans, including proposals like the GREAT Trust which involve international oversight limiting Palestinian control.

• Reconstruction efforts will also rely on coordination between multiple donors, private investment, and international management structures, which could shape Gaza's post-war economy and governance.

In summary, Gaza's rebuilding will be financed mainly by an international coalition of donor states and institutions, with regional actors like Gulf countries playing a potentially critical role under specific political and security conditions. The complex politics surrounding fund control and governance will significantly influence how and by whom the reconstruction happens.