Bleeding during sex can occur for various reasons, many related to irritation, infections, or other medical conditions involving the cervix, vagina, or hormonal changes. Common causes include:

• Irritation or infection of the cervix (cervicitis) often due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea, or non-STI infections such as yeast infections.
• Cervical polyps, which are usually benign growths on the cervix that can bleed.
• Vaginal dryness and insufficient lubrication, which can cause friction and minor tears, especially in menopause or hormonal changes.
• Cervical ectropion, where the inner cervical lining grows on the outer surface, making it more prone to bleeding.
• Trauma or injury to the vaginal tissue from rough sex or insufficient lubrication.
• Hormonal birth control and pregnancy-related changes can cause breakthrough bleeding.
• Other causes may include genital sores, precancerous or cancerous growths in the cervix or vagina, pelvic inflammatory disease, or improperly placed intrauterine devices (IUDs).

If bleeding during sex is consistent, heavy, or accompanied by pain, unusual discharge, or other symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.