Coughing up green mucus typically indicates an ongoing infection or inflammation in the respiratory system, most often bacterial but sometimes viral or fungal. The green color is caused by the presence of dead white blood cells and immune response substances that combat infection. Several conditions can lead to this symptom, and understanding the cause is crucial for appropriate treatment.

Common Causes of Green Mucus

Infections

• Bacterial infections: Such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and bacterial bronchitis, often produce thick, green mucus as the immune system fights the bacteria.

• Viral infections: Like severe COVID-19 or other respiratory viruses, can sometimes cause green mucus, though less commonly than bacterial infections.

• Chronic respiratory conditions: Conditions like cystic fibrosis or COPD exacerbations often involve persistent green mucus production.

Other Conditions

• Sinusitis: When inflamed sinuses produce mucus that drains into the airways, leading to green sputum.

• Pulmonary abscess or bronchiectasis: These involve localized infections or structural lung issues leading to thick, colored mucus.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Persistent green mucus that lasts more than 12 days, or if accompanied by symptoms such as high fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or fatigue, should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. Antibiotics may be necessary if a bacterial infection is suspected, but a healthcare professional will diagnose the exact cause.

Actionable Steps

• Stay well-hydrated to thin mucus.
• Avoid smoking or irritants.
• Seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen.

Overall, your coughing up green mucus signifies a response to an infection or inflammation, and it's advisable to consult a healthcare provider for precise diagnosis and targeted treatment.