India and Pakistan are fighting primarily due to a long-standing dispute over the Kashmir region. The immediate cause of the recent conflict in 2025 was a terrorist attack by militants in the Indian-administered Kashmir town of Pahalgam on April 22, 2025, which killed 26 civilians. India blamed Pakistan- based militant groups and Pakistan of supporting cross-border terrorism, which Pakistan denied. In response, India launched a military operation called Operation Sindoor with missile strikes targeting militant infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-administered Kashmir starting May 7, 2025. Pakistan retaliated with shelling and missile strikes on Indian territories, intensifying the conflict. The fighting included drone battles, border skirmishes, and missile attacks on military bases between the two nuclear- armed nations. The conflict ended with a ceasefire agreed on May 10, 2025. The broader underlying cause remains the unresolved Kashmir dispute, which has led to multiple wars and conflicts since 1947.