Pope Benedict XVI resigned primarily for health reasons related to his advanced age and diminishing physical and mental strength, which he felt prevented him from adequately fulfilling the demanding duties of the papacy. He specifically cited his declining strength and the exhaustion that made it difficult for him to continue exercising the office appropriately. In addition, insomnia and health complications, including a serious fall in 2012, contributed to his decision. Benedict emphasized that his resignation was voluntary and made after sober and thoughtful reflection. Although there has been speculation about other possible reasons, such as the Vatileaks scandal and internal Vatican pressures, his close biographer and official statements reiterate that health was the decisive factor.

Benedict was the first pope to resign voluntarily since Celestine V in 1294 and the first overall since Gregory XII in 1415. He announced his resignation on February 11, 2013, and it took effect on February 28, 2013. After resigning, he took the title "Pope emeritus" and lived a retired life dedicated to prayer until his death in December 2022.