The disappearance of carnivores and herbivores from Última Esperanza happened differently due to their distinct ecological roles and the timing of environmental changes and human impacts. Carnivores like Panthera and Smilodon disappeared slightly before most herbivores, likely driven by competition with humans. Humans may have competed with and displaced the large carnivores between 700 and 2,000 years before the extinction of most large herbivores. This suggests that carnivore extinction was influenced more directly by human interaction rather than ecosystem collapse. In contrast, herbivores such as Hippidion (an extinct horse), Lama cf. owenii, and mylodontids coexisted with humans for long periods (hundreds to thousands of years). Their disappearance correlates strongly with environmental changes, notably the replacement of cold grasslands by Nothofagus forests and increased fire frequency. The transition to denser forests reduced open habitats essential for these herbivores, making them vulnerable and leading to their gradual extinction. Human hunting may have contributed to a slow attrition but was not the sole cause. Thus, carnivores disappeared earlier, likely due to direct human competition, while herbivores declined later due to combined factors of environmental change and eventual human hunting pressure. This pattern indicates different extinction drivers for carnivores and herbivores in Última Esperanza.