Pope Benedict XVI resigned primarily due to his advanced age and deteriorating physical strength, which he felt made him incapable of adequately fulfilling the responsibilities of the papacy. He cited these health reasons explicitly in his resignation announcement, stating that his declining mental and physical powers hindered his ability to exercise the office properly. Additionally, his biographer revealed that chronic insomnia and related health issues contributed significantly to his decision. There have been speculations and conspiracy theories about other possible reasons, including Vatican scandals, but Benedict maintained that his resignation was a voluntary and thoughtful decision based on his health and capacity to serve.

Reasons for Resignation

• Advanced age (he was 85 at the time) and declining strength were the main reasons cited by Benedict XVI himself.
• He acknowledged that his physical and mental capabilities had diminished to the point of impairing his service as pope.
• Chronic insomnia, which affected his ability to rest and perform his duties, was an important health factor behind his resignation.
• He resigned freely and voluntarily, emphasizing his decision was made with full freedom and sober reflection.

Context and Speculation

• Benedict's resignation was unprecedented in modern times, being the first voluntary papal resignation since 1294 and the first resignation overall since 1415.
• Some speculated that internal Vatican issues, including leaks and scandals (Vatileaks), might have influenced his decision, but no concrete evidence has confirmed this.
• His biographer and close associates have reinforced that health was the genuine reason, aiming to quell conspiracy theories.

Benedict XVI passed away in December 2022, living as pope emeritus in retirement after his resignation.