Lithium is primarily taken to stabilize mood in certain mental health conditions, most notably bipolar disorder, and to reduce the risk of suicide in some patients. It can also help with other mood-related conditions and certain depressive episodes when other treatments have not been effective.

Key reasons people take lithium

• Mood stabilization: Reduces the intensity and frequency of mood swings between Mania/Hypomania and Depression, helping patients maintain a more stable mood over time.

• Suicide risk reduction: In bipolar disorder, lithium is one of the few medications shown to lower suicide risk, contributing to its long-standing use as a first-line mood stabilizer.

• Behavioral regulation: Can help manage aggressive or self-harming behaviors associated with some mood or psychotic conditions in certain cases.

How lithium works (high-level)

• It modulates brain signaling pathways to reduce excitability and stabilize neurotransmitter activity, contributing to more consistent mood states. The exact mechanisms involve multiple molecular targets and are still an active area of research, but the clinical effect is improved mood stability for many patients.

Important considerations

• Narrow therapeutic window: Lithium requires careful dosing and regular blood tests to keep levels within a safe and effective range, as too high levels can be toxic.

• Monitoring and side effects: Regular monitoring of kidney and thyroid function is common, along with watchfulness for side effects like tremor, thirst, increased urination, weight changes, or cognitive effects. Dose adjustments or alternative treatments may be needed if adverse effects occur.

• Not a universal remedy: While helpful for many, lithium is not suitable for everyone or all mood disorders. Some people respond better to other medications or therapies, and treatment plans are individualized.

If you’re considering lithium or have concerns about it

• Talk with a healthcare provider who can assess your specific symptoms, medical history, and current medications to determine if lithium is appropriate for you.

• Discuss potential benefits, risks, monitoring requirements, and what to expect during initiation and ongoing treatment.

Sources (highlights)

• Lithium as a mood stabilizer and its use in bipolar disorder and other conditions.

• Suicide risk reduction with lithium in bipolar disorder.

• Monitoring, dosing, and safety considerations, including the narrow therapeutic window.

• General overview of indications and mechanisms in mood regulation.