Glucose serves as the primary energy source for the human body, fueling essential cellular processes through its breakdown into ATP via glycolysis and cellular respiration.

Brain Function

The brain relies heavily on glucose, consuming about 20% of the body's total energy despite comprising only 2% of body weight. It powers neurotransmitter production, information processing, and tissue maintenance, with low glucose levels risking impaired cognition or unconsciousness.

Muscle and Organ Support

Muscles use 70-80% of circulating glucose for contractions, movement, and exercise, while organs like the heart and liver depend on it for operation. Excess glucose converts to glycogen for storage, released during fasting via hormones like glucagon to maintain blood levels.

Regulation and Storage

Insulin facilitates glucose uptake into cells, preventing high blood sugar, while the liver stores and releases it as needed. This homeostasis ensures steady energy for growth, repair, and survival.