Appendicitis happens mainly due to a blockage in the appendix. This obstruction leads to swelling, inflammation, and infection. The blockage can be caused by several factors including fecal deposits (fecaliths), foreign bodies, tumors, lymphoid tissue overgrowth (lymphoid hyperplasia), infections, or parasites. Once blocked, mucus builds up inside the appendix, increasing pressure that reduces blood flow, causing tissue damage, bacterial overgrowth, pus formation, and potentially rupture, which can lead to severe complications like peritonitis.

Main Causes of Appendicitis

• Fecaliths: Hardened stool pieces that block the appendix opening.
• Lymphoid hyperplasia: Swelling from immune response can obstruct the appendix.
• Infections: Causing swelling or blockage.
• Foreign bodies: Rarely, objects stuck in the appendix.
• Tumors: Can block the appendix, though rare.
• Parasites: Sometimes block or irritate the appendix opening.

Mechanism of Appendicitis Development

The obstruction traps mucus inside the appendix, increasing pressure and cutting off blood supply. Ischemia leads to tissue death and bacteria invade, causing pus and inflammation. If untreated, the appendix may rupture, spreading infection in the abdomen.

In summary, appendicitis happens because the appendix gets blocked, resulting in inflammation and infection that can progress to serious complications if not promptly treated.