High diastolic blood pressure occurs when the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (diastole phase) is higher than normal, typically above 80 mm Hg. This condition, known as isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) when the systolic pressure is normal, can have multiple causes.
Causes of High Diastolic Blood Pressure
High diastolic pressure may be caused by lifestyle factors such as:
- High-sodium diet
- Obesity or being overweight
- Lack of physical activity
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Smoking
- Stress and anxiety
Medical conditions that can cause high diastolic blood pressure include:
- Endocrine disorders (e.g., thyroid issues)
- Kidney disease
- Sleep apnea
- Renovascular disorders
- Metabolic syndrome
Certain medications can also contribute, such as:
- Antidepressants
- Amphetamines
- Steroids
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Oral contraceptives
- Decongestants
Additionally, hormonal imbalances affecting the narrowing of arterioles might be involved, and in some cases, the exact cause is unclear.
Risk Factors and Effects
Men over 45 and women over 55, people with family history of hypertension, and those with unhealthy lifestyle habits have a higher risk. High diastolic blood pressure increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. It can also cause the arteries to stiffen and develop atherosclerosis.
In summary, high diastolic blood pressure is usually linked to a combination of lifestyle, medical conditions, and sometimes medication effects. Managing these underlying factors is key to controlling diastolic hypertension.
