Shooting a firearm can produce sound levels that are far louder than what the ears can safely handle, so using ear protection is essential for protecting hearing and overall safety. Here’s why and how to choose the right protection.

Why ear protection matters

• Immediate risk: Gunfire can reach peak sound levels well above 140–160 decibels, which can cause instantaneous and permanent damage to the delicate structures of the inner ear if unprotected. Even a single shot can contribute to hearing loss over time. [external safety guidance]
• Long-term health: Repeated exposure to loud gunfire without protection increases the risk of chronic conditions such as tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and gradual, irreversible hearing loss. [external safety guidance]
• Cumulative damage: Hearing loss from gunfire is not just about one shot; it’s the sum of many exposures, including practice sessions at ranges and hunting trips. Consistent use of protection reduces this cumulative risk. [external safety guidance]
• Better focus and communication: Proper ear protection lowers the noise floor, making it easier to hear commands, range safety instructions, and conversation without the distraction of loud impulsive sounds. [external safety guidance]

Types of ear protection

• Earplugs: Passive foam or silicone plugs that actively seal the ear canal. They are inexpensive, portable, and provide good attenuation for many calibers. Some models are designed to be reusable and easy to clean.
• Earmuffs: Over-the-ear devices that provide higher noise reduction and are often adjustable for comfort. They are beneficial for shooters who generate more noise exposure or prefer quicker on/off access.
• Electronic/digital protection: Earmuffs or plugs with built-in electronic circuits that reduce loud sounds while allowing low-level ambient sounds to pass or be amplified. This can improve situational awareness on the range.
• Custom-molded protectors: For repeated or high-volume exposure, custom-fit protection can offer consistent attenuation and long-term comfort.

How to choose and use

• Attenuation needs: For most handgun ranges and target shooting, aim for protection with a noise reduction rating (NRR) that effectively lowers peak exposures into safe levels. Higher isn’t always better if it hinders situational awareness; electronic protection can help balance this.
• Fit and seal: Proper fit is crucial. Ill-fitting protection may not attenuate adequately and could be uncomfortable, leading to less consistent use.
• Comfort for long sessions: If shooting for extended periods, prioritize comfort, as pain or pressure can cause you to remove protection prematurely.
• Maintenance: Clean and inspect protection after use. Replace damaged plugs or worn-out earmuffs promptly.

Eye-shielding note

While not the main focus here, protect your eyes as well. Range safety glasses reduce the risk of injury from debris and spent casings, complementing ear protection for a safer shooting experience. If you’d like, specify your typical shooting scenario (handguns, rifles, range length, and any noise sensitivity), and a few compatible protection options can be recommended with approximate attenuation values and price ranges.