Mealworms can be eaten by humans and are considered safe for consumption under proper sanitary handling, but there are important caveats to consider. What the evidence says

• Regulatory clearance: The European Union has approved mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) as a safe food source for humans, reflecting assessments of their safety when produced and processed under standard food-safety practices. This includes consideration of protein content, potential contaminants, and the need to monitor for allergens.

• Nutritional profile: Mealworms are high in protein, fat, and fiber, making them a potential alternative protein source in diets.

• Allergies and cross-reactivity: People with shellfish, crustacean, or dust mite allergies may have cross-reactive sensitivities to insect proteins, so allergy risk should be evaluated before trying mealworms. This is a commonly noted precaution in EFSA assessments and related reviews.

• Food safety considerations: Proper sourcing, processing, and cooking are essential. There are potential concerns about feed-borne contaminants and the presence of residual allergens from insect feed, so selecting products from reputable suppliers that follow good manufacturing practices is important.

Practical guidance

• If trying mealworms for the first time:
  • Start with small amounts and ensure the product is labeled for human consumption and sourced from a reputable producer.
  • Be aware of potential allergen risk if there is a history of shellfish or dust mite allergies.
  • Ensure they are properly cooked and stored as with any other perishable protein to minimize foodborne illness risk.
• For those with known allergies or immune-compromised individuals, consult a healthcare professional before trying insects as food. Regulatory guidance generally emphasizes evaluating individual allergy risk and ensuring safe preparation.

Bottom line

• Yes, mealworms are used as a safe-to-eat human food in many jurisdictions, including the EU, when produced and handled under proper sanitary conditions. They offer a high-protein option but carry potential allergen risks for some individuals.