Monaco's flag is a simple two-equal horizontal stripe design: red on top and white on the bottom. It has been the national flag since 1881, with colors that are historically associated with the ruling Grimaldi family dating back to 1339. The flag is sometimes confused with Indonesia's because of the similar color scheme, but Monaco's is slightly different in proportions and shade of red. Key points

• Design: two horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom).

• Adoption: present flag adopted on 4 April 1881 under Charles III.

• Similarities and differences: Monaco’s flag is often likened to Indonesia’s, but Monaco uses a 4:5 ratio (compared to Indonesia’s 2:3) and a darker red hue. The two flags are not identical in proportion or shade.

• Distinct variants: a princes’ banner and government banner have appeared in historical uses, but the standard national flag is the red-over-white bicolor.

If you’d like, I can provide exact color values (Pantone/HEX equivalents) for the red and white used in Monaco’s flag, or show how the flag’s proportions compare to those of Indonesia and Poland in a quick side-by-side guide.