Storage heaters work by storing thermal energy when electricity is cheaper, usually overnight, and then releasing that stored heat throughout the day to warm a room. They typically contain ceramic or clay bricks inside that are heated by electrical elements at night during off-peak hours, storing heat in the bricks. During the day, the stored heat is gradually released through convection and radiation, warming the room without using electricity during daytime hours. More advanced storage heaters, called high heat retention models, have improved insulation to hold heat longer and include smart controls to better manage heat output based on climatic conditions and user preferences. Basic models have input controls to adjust how much heat is stored overnight and output controls to regulate how fast that heat is released during the day. In essence, storage heaters take advantage of cheaper night-time electricity tariffs by charging up with stored heat when demand (and prices) are lower, then providing warmth during the higher-cost daytime period without additional electrical draw.