Compression socks are specialized elastic garments worn around the legs that apply gentle, graduated pressure to improve blood circulation. They are tighter at the ankles and gradually loosen toward the knees or thighs, which helps reduce the diameter of distended veins, increase venous blood flow velocity, and improve valve function in the veins

. These socks help prevent blood from pooling in the lower legs by compressing surface veins, arteries, and muscles, forcing blood through narrower channels and promoting its return to the heart. This reduces venous pressure, prevents venous stasis, and alleviates symptoms such as swelling, aching, heaviness, and pain in the legs and ankles

. Compression socks are used to:

• Prevent and treat venous disorders like edema, varicose veins, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

• Reduce swelling and inflammation in the legs

• Improve circulation for people who stand or sit for long periods, athletes, pregnant women, travelers on long flights, and those with circulation issues or after surgery

• Aid in healing ulcers and prevent blood clots in immobile patients

There are three main types of compression socks:

• Graduated compression stockings: strongest pressure at the ankle, decreasing upward; often require prescription and professional fitting

• Anti-embolism stockings: similar graduated compression for immobile patients to reduce DVT risk; usually prescribed

• Nonmedical support hosiery: uniform compression, available over the counter for relief of tired, achy legs

Compression socks can be worn during daily activities or sleep and are available at pharmacies and online, with or without prescription depending on the medical need

. In summary, compression socks are therapeutic hosiery designed to enhance leg circulation, prevent blood pooling, reduce swelling and pain, and help manage or prevent venous health issues