Hormonal imbalance in the menstrual cycle is caused by a disruption in the normal balance of hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle. This imbalance can be triggered by various factors including medical conditions, lifestyle habits, and environmental influences.

Common Causes of Hormonal Imbalance in Menstrual Cycle

• Medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid problems (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism), pituitary tumors, premature menopause, and other endocrine gland disorders can disrupt hormone levels and affect menstruation.
• Lifestyle factors including excessive stress, unhealthy diet, high body fat percentage, excessive exercise, and low body weight can interfere with hormone production and menstrual regularity.
• External influences such as birth control medications, hormonal replacement therapy, chemicals, toxins, and environmental pollutants may alter hormone levels.
• Other causes include genetic conditions, injuries to the endocrine glands, infections, and medications like antipsychotics, chemotherapy, and antidepressants.

Hormonal Imbalance Effects on Menstrual Cycle

• Imbalance between estrogen and progesterone may lead to menstrual irregularities such as heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), light or infrequent periods (oligomenorrhea), missed periods (amenorrhea), or prolonged bleeding.
• Excess estrogen often causes thickening of the uterine lining, leading to heavy menstrual bleeding.
• Progesterone deficiency can cause irregular cycles and bleeding issues.

Hormones Involved

• Estrogen and progesterone primarily regulate the menstrual cycle.
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) control ovulation.
• Cortisol and prolactin can also impact menstrual regularity through their effects on hormone balance.

Extensive monitoring and medical intervention may be required to diagnose and treat hormonal imbalances effectively, especially if menstrual irregularities persist or worsen.