Betel nut, also known as areca nut, is traditionally chewed for its stimulant and medicinal properties. It contains alkaloids like arecoline that stimulate the central nervous system, resulting in increased alertness, energy, and a feeling of well-being. Betel nut chewing also stimulates saliva flow, which aids digestion and may help with constipation. Some traditional uses claim it can improve blood circulation, reduce allergies and inflammation, and provide relief from toothache and cough. However, scientific evidence for many health benefits is limited and more studies are needed. Despite some potential benefits, betel nut chewing carries significant health risks. It is addictive and associated with serious adverse effects including cancers of the mouth and esophagus, oral submucous fibrosis (a precancerous condition), tooth decay, and cardiovascular problems such as high blood pressure and fast heart rate. It may also worsen asthma, seizures, and gastrointestinal issues. Long-term and high-dose use has been linked to poisoning and even death. Betel nut chewing causes characteristic red stains in the mouth and saliva. Culturally, betel nut chewing is an important social and ritual practice in many South and Southeast Asian communities, where it is often combined with betel leaves, lime, and sometimes tobacco to form "betel quid" or "paan".

In summary, betel nut acts as a stimulant aiding digestion and alertness but poses serious health risks including cancer and addiction, so caution and medical advice are strongly advised before use.