A toner is a liquid skincare product used after cleansing the face, designed to provide several key benefits:

• It deep cleans the skin by removing any leftover dirt, oil, makeup residue, and impurities that washing alone may not fully eliminate, helping to prevent clogged pores and blackheads.
• Toner helps restore and balance the skin's pH level, which can be disrupted by cleansing.
• It tightens and refines pores, reducing their appearance and controlling excess sebum (oil) production.
• Depending on the formulation, toners can be hydrating, soothing, or astringent, making them suitable for different skin types, including oily, dry, sensitive, or mature skin.
• Toner prepares the skin to better absorb moisturizers, serums, and other skincare products applied afterward, enhancing their effectiveness.
• It can improve skin tone and radiance, giving the complexion a healthier, glowing appearance.
• Some toners contain antioxidants and anti-inflammatory ingredients that soothe the skin and provide additional skincare benefits such as reducing redness or signs of aging.

Overall, toner complements cleansing by thoroughly refreshing the skin, balancing it, and preparing it for further skincare steps for a clearer, smoother, and more radiant complexion. Its specific effects depend on the toner formula used and skin type. This makes toner a valuable step in many skincare routines for maintaining healthy and balanced facial skin.