In Gaza, a complex and ongoing conflict has unfolded since October 2023, marked by a devastating war between Hamas and Israel. On October 7, 2023, Hamas and allied Palestinian groups launched a large-scale attack on Israel, leading to a severe Israeli military response including airstrikes, ground invasions, and a blockade on Gaza. This conflict has resulted in significant casualties on both sides, with over 67,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza, many of them women and children, and over 1,190 Israelis killed including civilians. The war has included multiple ceasefires, but intense fighting and humanitarian crises persisted into 2025. Most recently, in October 2025, there have been renewed clashes within Gaza involving Hamas and other factions such as the Doghmush clan, along with reports of ongoing airstrikes and ground operations by Israeli forces. A US-backed peace plan led to a ceasefire agreement on October 10, 2025, but the situation remains fragile with violent incidents and civilian casualties occurring. Humanitarian conditions in Gaza remain dire due to the prolonged blockade, reduced aid deliveries, and widespread starvation and disease among the population. Thus, the situation in Gaza is characterized by a long-standing and evolving conflict with severe humanitarian impacts and a fragile ceasefire as of mid-October 2025.