Exercise releases a variety of hormones that perform different functions in the body. Some of the main hormones released during exercise include:

• Endorphins: These are chemicals that interact with the receptors in the brain that reduce the perception of pain. They also trigger a positive feeling in the body, similar to that of morphine. The feeling that follows a run or workout is often described as "euphoric," known as a "runners high".

• Cortisol: This is a catabolic steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland in response to stress, low blood sugar, and exercise. It supports energy metabolism during long periods of exercise by facilitating the breakdown of triglyceride and protein to create the glucose necessary to help fuel exercise. Cortisol is released when the body experiences too much physical stress or is not sufficiently recovered from a previous workout.

• Human Growth Hormone (HGH): This hormone is responsible for building new muscle and helping to burn fat. It is produced to repair damaged tissue immediately after exercise.

• Testosterone: This hormone helps maintain reproductive tissue, bone health, libido, and mood. Resistance training triggers a testosterone increase and impacts fat distribution.

• Adrenaline and Noradrenaline: These hormones belong to the catecholamine group and are responsible for the "fight or flight" response. They increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels, providing the body with a burst of energy.

• Dopamine and Serotonin: These are neurotransmitters that regulate a variety of processes in the body. They are often called "happy hormones" and are responsible for regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. Exercise helps to release these neurotransmitters into the body, which can have an overall positive effect on physical and mental health.

Understanding how exercise influences the hormones that control physiological functions can assist in developing effective exercise programs. Hormones have both short- and long-term responses to exercise, and the hormones listed above are directly influenced by physical activity and play important roles in helping the body adapt to the imposed physical demands of exercise.