The What-How-Why method is a tool that can be used to observe people and derive deeper levels of understanding. This method is particularly useful for analyzing images taken while observing users. The method involves dividing observations into three sections: What, How, and Why.

Here is a breakdown of each section:

• What: Start with concrete observations of what the user is doing in a situation or photograph. Notice and write down objective details without making assumptions yet.

• How: Move to understanding how the user is doing what they’re doing. Does it require effort? Do they appear rushed? Does the activity appear to be a negative or positive experience? Use phrases packed with adjectives.

• Why: Make informed guesses regarding motivation and emotions. Why is the user doing what they’re doing in the particular way they’re doing it? This step reveals assumptions that should be tested with users and often uncovers unexpected insights.

The 5W1H method is another tool that can be used to understand a situation and discern a problem by analyzing all aspects. The acronym stands for What, Who, Where, When, How, and Why. This method allows you to guide all your team members and to gather all the factual elements needed for a complete and objective understanding.

In summary, the What-How-Why method is a tool for observing people and deriving deeper levels of understanding, while the 5W1H method is a tool for understanding a situation and discerning a problem by analyzing all aspects.