Moorish National Citizens are a subset of the sovereign citizen movement in the United States. They are adherents who hold pseudo-historical beliefs specific to African-American heritage. They claim to be descendants of Moors who inhabited the Kingdom of Morocco, which signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the US in 1786 that officially recognized America as a sovereign nation. Moorish sovereign citizens believe their status as members of a sovereign nation imparts immunity from federal, state, and local authorities. They use this perceived immunity to justify refusing to pay taxes, buy auto insurance, register their vehicles, and to defraud banks and other lending institutions. Many Moorish sovereigns also profit by selling bogus registration, licensing, and insurance documents on websites promoting Moorish sovereign beliefs and doctrines. Moorish sovereign citizens engage in the same criminal activities as “traditional” sovereign citizens do, including crimes of violence (including against police), scams and frauds, and so-called “paper terrorism” tactics, which typically involve the use of various documents and filings to harass, intimidate, and retaliate against police officers, public officials, and others.