A Roma is a member of an ethnic group, also known as Romani people, who originated in northern India and now live mostly across Europe, with communities found worldwide. Traditionally, the Roma have had an itinerant (moving) lifestyle, though many now live settled lives.

Origins and Migration

The Roma trace their ancestry to the regions of Punjab and Rajasthan in present-day India. Their migration from India began over a thousand years ago, reaching Europe between the 8th and 14th centuries, and from there spread globally.

Culture and Language

Roma people have their own language, Romani, which is of Indo-Aryan origin and has many dialects influenced by the local languages where they settled. Their customs include arranged marriages, strong family ties, and oral traditions such as storytelling and music.

Social Status and History

The Roma often face social exclusion and discrimination but have contributed significantly to local cultures, especially in music and crafts. Today, they form Europe's largest ethnic minority group—about 10–12 million Roma live in Europe alone.

Terminology

• "Roma" is the plural form; "Rom" is singular.

• Other related group names include Sinti, Manush, and Gitanos, depending on the region, but "Roma" is the collective term used internationally.

In summary, Roma are a distinct ethnic group with deep historical roots in India, a rich cultural legacy, and a significant presence across Europe and the world, known for their resilience and contributions despite facing considerable challenges.