Rosewood is a type of hardwood that comes from trees of the genus Dalbergia, although other woods are often called rosewood as well. It is known for its richly hued, often brownish color with darker veining, although it can also be found in other colors. Rosewood is hard, tough, strong, and dense, and takes a high polish, making it ideal for luxury furniture-making, flooring, musical instruments, and turnery.

True rosewoods belong to the genus Dalbergia, with the pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the Western world being the wood of Dalbergia nigra, also known as "Brazilian rosewood" or "Bahia rosewood". Other species of rosewood include Dalbergia retusa, also known as Nicaraguan rosewood or as cocobolo, and Honduran rosewood, D. stevensonii, which is used for marimba keys, guitar parts, clarinets, and other musical and ornamental applications.

Rosewood oil, used in perfume, is extracted from the wood of Aniba rosaeodora, which is not related to the rosewoods used for lumber. Rosewood oil has numerous benefits for the hair and skin, including treating dandruff, eczema, and hair loss, as well as reducing scars and wrinkles.

Rosewood is also one of the most exploited species of trees around the world, as it is used in making luxurious furniture, musical instruments, and other high-end products. However, the rosewood trade is often illegal and unsustainable, and many species of rosewood are endangered.