Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin, the tissue covering the head (glans) of the penis. It is an ancient practice that has its origin in religious rites. The use of circumcision for medical or health reasons is an issue that continues to be debated. Some studies suggest that circumcision has health benefits, including a lower risk of urinary tract infections, penile cancer, and transmission of some sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, the benefits are not great enough to recommend universal newborn circumcision. The procedure may be recommended in older boys and men to treat phimosis (the inability to retract the foreskin) or to treat an infection of the penis. Circumcision also makes it easier to keep the end of the penis clean. However, some studies show that good hygiene can help prevent certain problems with the penis, including infections and swelling, even if the penis is not circumcised. In addition, using a condom during sex will help prevent STDs and other infections. The decision to circumcise a male child is personal and involves factors such as culture, religion, and personal preference.