The Israel-Palestine conflict has a long and complex history that dates back to the end of the nineteenth century. Here are some key events that led to the current conflict:

• British Mandate: In 1917, the British government issued the Balfour Declaration, which promised to establish a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. This led to tens of thousands of Jewish civilians migrating to Palestinian land in the 1920s and 1930s.

• Partition Plan: In 1947, the United Nations adopted Resolution 181, known as the Partition Plan, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. The plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by Palestinian leaders and neighboring Arab countries.

• Israeli Independence: On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in 1949 with Israels victory, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced, and the territory was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip.

• Six-Day War: In 1967, Israel launched a pre-emptive defensive war against Jordan, Egypt, and Syria, as they appeared to be preparing to invade. Israel achieved rapid victories, including seizing the Sinai peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria, and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan. Its capture of all of Jerusalem and newly acquired control over the biblical lands called Judea and Samaria in Israel opened the way to the construction of Jewish settlements in the West Bank, which became central to the conflict.

• Hamas: In 1987, the first Palestinian Intifada erupted in the Gaza Strip after four Palestinians were killed when an Israeli truck collided with two vans carrying Palestinian workers. Protests spread rapidly to the West Bank, leading to the establishment of the Hamas movement, an Islamist group that has controlled Gaza since 2006.

The conflict pits Israeli demands for security in what it has long regarded as a hostile region against Palestinian aspirations for a state of their own. The recent Israel-Hamas war in 2023 was triggered by a series of events, including the Israeli governments approval of a series of measures following the Palestinian request that the UN seek an ICJ opinion about Israels occupation.